M? Tho ( listen) is the capital city, center of economics, education and technology of Ti?n Giang Province, located in the Mekong Delta region of South Vietnam. It has a population of approximately 169,000 in 2006 and 220,000 in 2012. The majority ethnic group is the Kinh, and some of the Chinese, the Cham and the Khmer. Boat rides on the M? Tho River are popular with tourists, and the city is known for h? ti?u M? Tho, a type of soup.
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History
M? Tho was founded in the 1680s by Chinese refugees fleeing China, when the entire country became a colony of the Manchu-led Qing Empire in 1683. The area, at the time, was once part of the former Khmer Empire and it was annexed to Vietnam in the 18th century. The city is named after the M? Tho River. In Sino-Vietnamese script, the name is given as ?? (beautiful tree).
Due to its proximity to Saigon, M? Tho was the traditional gateway to the Mekong Delta. In the 17th century, the city had become one of the biggest commercial hubs in today's Southern Vietnam.
In 1860s, M? Tho, along with Saigon, was a major strategic city during the French colonial campaign towards Vietnam. In 1862, France's capture of M? Tho is regarded as the conclusion to the establishment of the French colony of Cochinchina, a development that inaugurated nearly a century of French colonial dominance in Vietnam. During the colonization period, the economy continued to prosper, attracting more immigrants, mainly from Teochew and Minnan.
M? Tho City is recognized as a grade II in October 7, 2005.
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Administrative divisions
M? Tho is divided to 11 wards (called Ward 1 - Ward 10, and Ward Tân Long) and 6 communes.
6 communes:
- ??o Th?nh
- M? Phong
- Ph??c Th?nh
- Tân M? Chánh
- Th?i S?n
- Trung An
- Ph??c Th?nh
Transportation
M? Tho is connected to the rest of the country by National Route 1A and Ti?n River. In here, people mainly use motorcycles, bicycles and boats for transportation. M? Tho has the first railway route (about 70 km long) in Vietnam which was one of the most modern transport means in the world linking Saigon and M? Tho, put into use in 1885. However, it was destroyed in 1960s.
By road, M? Tho City is 70 km from V?nh Long Province, 70 km from Ho Chi Minh City, 103 km from C?n Th?, 179 km from Châu ??c, 182 km from R?ch Giá, 132 km from Long Xuyên. M? Tho and B?n Tre are connected by R?ch Mi?u Bridge.
By river, there are many short boat trips to various islands, B?n Tre, and floating markets in the surrounding areas. It also has overnight long boats to Châu ??c and Long Xuyên.
Tourist information
V?nh Tràng Temple, Cao Dai Temple, Dong Tam Snake Farm. There are four islands in the Tien River between M? Tho and B?n Tre: Dragon (Con Rong), Tortoise (Con Qui), Phoenix (Con Phung) and Unicorn (Con Lan) Islands.
The Mekong Delta is considered to be the "rice basket of Vietnam", contributing more than half of the nation's rice production. M? Tho is well known as floating markets, where people sell and buy things on the river, as well as Ben Tam Ngua and M? Thu?n market.
Education
M? Tho was the first town in southern Vietnam to have a high school. The Collège de M? Tho, opened in March 1879, is now called Nguy?n ?ình Chi?u High School. It was one of the first schools Vietnam had, and even now is still known for its education quality among Southern schools.
Later, another school called "School for Gifted Students of Tien Giang" opened in M? Tho city. Though the total area is very limited compared to other schools in the province, quality of education there is usually considered one of the best. The curriculum they use is modified so that students usually learn more of their core subjects than in other schools. For instance, students from a Math class do all the required materials like any other classes, more of Chemistry, Biology and Physics because they are in the Natural Science block, and a lot more of Math. Preparation for national exams and entrance examination to the university are prioritized there.
Schools in M? Tho are named with famous Vietnamese writers, poets, and national heroes such as Nguy?n Trãi, Thu Khoa Huan is also known as Nguyen Huu Huan, Xuân Di?u, Lê Ng?c Hân, Nguy?n ?ình Chi?u, Tr?n H?ng ??o.
Ti?n Giang College which became Ti?n Giang University in 2005 is also located at M? Tho.
Economy
Today the economy is based on tourism, fishing, and agricultural products such as coconuts, bananas, and longans.
During World War II the French Vichy government interned foreign nationals in M? Tho. In May 1945, the Japanese seized control of the camps fearing an allied attack. Foreign nationals were confined throughout the war. As the regional capital M? Tho is the main market dealing in all the produce from the region as well as fish and seafood from M? Tho's large ocean-going fishing fleet. The very large and exuberant market is one of South Vietnam's biggest sources for dried fish and other dried seafood products such as Kho Muc (dried squid). At night the market is dedicated to the dealing and sorting of Mekong River fish, particularly catfish for H? Chí Minh City's wholesale markets. Produce, especially fruit and vegetables, watch, is delivered by boat directly to markets. It is a popular starting point for tourists to take a boat trip on the Mekong River.
M? Tho was the subject of "The Lesson", a chapter in a memoir by Tobias Wolff, In Pharaoh's Army: Memories of the Lost War, describing the events of the 1968 Tet Offensive there.
In 2010, there are total 17 markets located in wards and commune in M? Tho.
Neighbouring cities
- West and North: Ch? G?o District
- East: Châu Thành District, Ti?n Giang
- South: Ti?n River and B?n Tre Province
Notable people from M? Tho
- Nguy?n Th? Th?p - Chairman of the Women's Federation of Vietnam (H?i liên hi?p ph? n? Vi?t Nam) from 1956-1974
- General Nguy?n Khánh - former Prime Minister, General and Ambassador of South Vietnam.
- General Nguy?n H?u H?nh - served in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam
- Madame Thi?u, the last serving First Lady of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1975 and wife of the President of South Vietnam Nguy?n V?n Thi?u.
Sister cities
- Nam ??nh, Vietnam
- Changwon, South Korea
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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